Musculoskeletal Radiology — Specialty Profile

Exploratory, not prescriptive. This profile blends hard data (pay, match rates, burnout, demographics, each sourced and dated) with generalizations and synthesized opinion about culture and "who fits." It's here to help you get curious and go find out for yourself, not to tell you who to become. Numbers marked ⟳ verify change every year; check the linked source before you quote one. Last reviewed: 2026-08-04.

Also called: MSK radiology, musculoskeletal imaging. A 1-year fellowship entered after a diagnostic radiology residency, not a residency you match into from medical school. Organ systems: bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and the soft tissues around them.

Subspecialty fellowship of Diagnostic Radiology.


The 30-second version

Musculoskeletal radiology is the subspecialty that reads the body's mechanical failures, and it is the one where the imaging most often settles the argument. An orthopedic surgeon deciding whether to operate on a rotator cuff, a rheumatologist distinguishing inflammatory from degenerative arthritis, a sports medicine physician staging a ligament injury, and an oncologist working up a bone lesion are all waiting on the same person. The bulk of the work is MRI, which is what makes this a modern subspecialty: soft-tissue contrast turned a field that once read radiographs of broken bones into one that images tendons, cartilage, labra, and nerves directly. It also carries a substantial procedural practice, since MSK radiologists perform image-guided joint injections, arthrograms, biopsies, and increasingly the percutaneous treatments that sit between conservative management and surgery. The trade at the center of the field: technically satisfying, well-compensated, highly remote-capable reading with real procedural work, in a non-accredited fellowship with no board.

Quick dashboard (details and sources below)

Training after med school 6 years (1 intern year + 4 yr diagnostic radiology + 1 yr MSK radiology fellowship)
Total from college start ~14 years (4 undergrad + 4 med school + 5 residency + 1 fellowship)
Training chain Med school (4) → Diagnostic Radiology (5)1 yr musculoskeletal radiology fellowship (mostly unaccredited: 23 of 75 programs are ACGME)
Competitiveness Low to moderate. 158 of 218 positions filled in the 2026 fellowship match, 72.5%, from 167 applicants ⟳
Typical full-time pay No MSK survey line. Parent radiology runs ~$550,000–$575,000, with partners $700,000–$1.2M+ ⟳
Pay vs. parent (general radiology) Around it, with procedural volume and private-practice partnership as the levers ⟳
Lifestyle Reading-room based with strong schedule control and among the best remote options in medicine ⟳
Burnout No subspecialty figure; parent radiology is 45.2% against a 41.9% all-physician average (AMA 2025), fifth of the nine specialties it names as most burned out. Volume and RVU pressure are the named strain ⟳
% women MSK fellows 25.0% (ACGME, AY2024-25); parent radiology 27% practicing and 29.2% of residents ⟳
DO / IMG accessibility Gated behind radiology, historically reachable (~14% DO, ~11% IMG at PGY-2), with the window narrowing ⟳
Board No ABR certificate. ABR certifies neuroradiology, nuclear radiology, pediatric radiology and pain medicine only. ACGME accredits 23 MSK programs (AY2024-25) against 75 in the fellowship match, so most MSK fellowships are unaccredited ⟳

What they actually do

MRI is the center of gravity, and it is what makes the field modern. Internal derangement of the knee, shoulder, hip, ankle, wrist, and elbow, read in enough detail that a surgeon plans an operation from the report. Cartilage, labra, tendons, ligaments, and menisci are all directly visible in a way radiographs never permitted, and interpreting them well is the core competency.

Arthritis and metabolic bone disease is the other large diagnostic territory: distinguishing inflammatory from degenerative and crystal arthropathies, staging erosive disease, and reading the imaging patterns that separate rheumatoid from psoriasis from gout.

Bone and soft tissue tumors require characterizing a lesion as benign or aggressive, staging it, and, crucially, planning the biopsy in coordination with orthopedic oncology, because a badly placed biopsy tract can convert a salvageable limb into an amputation.

Trauma and post-operative imaging covers occult fractures, stress injuries, hardware complications, and periprosthetic problems, the last growing steadily as the arthroplasty population ages.

The procedural practice is substantial and often underestimated. Image-guided joint injections and aspirations, arthrography, therapeutic corticosteroid and biologic injections, bone and soft tissue biopsies, and the percutaneous treatments that have expanded the field's therapeutic reach, including radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma and, at some centers, tendon and nerve interventions.

Sports imaging is its own culture, with a close relationship to orthopedic and non-operative sports medicine and, at some institutions, to professional and collegiate teams.

Representative work: MRI interpretation across all joints and soft tissues · musculoskeletal ultrasound, which is a distinct and growing skill · radiographic interpretation of trauma, arthritis, and bone lesions · CT for complex fracture and post-operative assessment · arthrography and image-guided joint injection · image-guided bone and soft tissue biopsy · percutaneous ablation of osteoid osteoma · periprosthetic and hardware complication assessment · multidisciplinary conference with orthopedics, rheumatology, and sarcoma teams.1

A day in the life: a worklist, and a good one. MSK reading is high-volume but the studies are intellectually varied, and the referral relationships are unusually direct, since orthopedic surgeons and rheumatologists call about specific patients constantly. Procedure sessions are scheduled blocks, typically a half-day, which breaks up the reading. Conference participation is regular, and at academic centers the MSK radiologist is a fixture of orthopedic and sarcoma meetings.

On call: light. Musculoskeletal imaging generates few genuine overnight emergencies, and the parent field's call structure is what applies rather than a subspecialty rota.


The training path & time to completion

Medical school (4 yrs) → diagnostic radiology residency (1 intern year + 4 years) → 1-year musculoskeletal radiology fellowship → practice.12

  • The fellowship is one year, and accreditation is partial rather than absent. ACGME accredits six diagnostic radiology subspecialties and musculoskeletal radiology is one of them, at 23 accredited programs in AY2024-25 against 75 MSK programs in the fellowship match, so most MSK fellowships are outside it. The others are abdominal radiology, neuroendovascular intervention, neuroradiology, nuclear radiology, and pediatric radiology. What does not exist for MSK is an ABR subspecialty certificate.2
  • There is no ABR subspecialty certificate. An MSK radiologist holds general ABR diagnostic radiology certification, with the fellowship as the credential.2
  • Total from the start of college: about 14 years.
  • A minority of programs offer a second year, usually research-weighted or combined with another subspecialty, and combined abdominal and musculoskeletal fellowships exist at some institutions as a way to broaden employability.

What the fellowship buys. Every radiology residency teaches musculoskeletal imaging, and a general radiologist reads MSK studies daily. What the fellowship adds is the volume and pattern exposure to read complex MRI at the level a subspecialist surgeon expects, competence in musculoskeletal ultrasound, the procedural skill set, and the standing to be the person orthopedics calls. In a specialty that has moved decisively toward subspecialty reading, that is what makes you employable in the practices that pay best.


How competitive is it?

Musculoskeletal radiology matches through the NRMP's fellowship match, and the results are published every year. For the 2026 appointment year, 75 programs offered 218 positions, 167 applicants applied, and 158 of them matched. That is a 72.5% fill rate, and 30 programs finished with at least one position unfilled.3

  • There are more positions than applicants, which is the whole explanation for the fill rate. 218 seats, 167 applicants, 158 matches.3
  • It fills less completely than the neighbors. Of the five radiology subspecialties in the match, neuroradiology filled 86.9% of 327 positions and breast imaging 81.9% of 221, both ahead of MSK, with interventional radiology at 64.4% and emergency radiology at 25.0%.3 Abdominal and cardiothoracic radiology do not participate in the match at all, so there is no comparable figure for them.
  • The pattern is stable rather than a one-year dip. MSK has filled between 71.6% and 79.2% in each of the last five appointment years.3
  • The demand side is favorable. Musculoskeletal imaging volume is large and growing with an aging population and expanding orthopedic and sports medicine practice, and subspecialty MSK reading is what large groups and teleradiology practices recruit for.
  • The upstream residency has become competitive, having swung back to genuinely competitive for US MD applicants, and the parent profile notes the historical DO and IMG accessibility is narrowing.4

The honest read. Attainable for a radiology resident who wants it, and one of the safer choices in the specialty on job-market grounds. The competitive event was the residency match, and the published fellowship numbers say so plainly.

Board: none. General ABR certification in diagnostic radiology.2


Compensation — the robust version

No compensation survey isolates musculoskeletal radiology. This reasons from the parent field and the practice structure.

The parent anchor. Diagnostic radiology runs roughly $550,000–$575,000 total compensation, with associates at $350,000–$525,000, a median around $544,000–$590,000, and partners reaching $700,000 to $1.2 million and above.4

MSK sits around the parent field, with three levers that move it up.

  • Volume. Musculoskeletal studies are high-volume and MSK radiologists in productivity-based practices read a great deal.
  • Procedures. Injections, arthrograms, and biopsies are separately billable and add meaningfully to a reading practice, which distinguishes MSK from purely diagnostic subspecialties.
  • Private practice and partnership are fully available. Unlike pediatric radiology, which is confined to children's hospitals, MSK radiologists work throughout private practice, imaging centers, and teleradiology, so the partner tier that produces radiology's highest figures is genuinely reachable.

Teleradiology deserves a specific mention, because MSK is among the most remote-friendly subspecialties in medicine. Studies are digital, the interpretation does not require patient presence, and subspecialty MSK reading is exactly what teleradiology groups contract for. That creates both geographic freedom and, for some, a second income stream.

The counterweight is volume pressure. The parent profile identifies RVU pressure as radiology's real strain, and a high-volume MSK list is where that pressure is felt.

Limited-data caveat: no MGMA, Doximity, or Medscape line for musculoskeletal radiology was located, and the positioning is a structural inference from volume, procedural billing, and practice-setting availability. The parent distribution is sourced. Benchmark against the specific practice's RVU expectations and procedural mix.


Lifestyle

  • Reading-room based with strong schedule control, which the parent profile identifies as radiology's structural advantage.4
  • Among the best remote-work options in medicine. MSK reading is digital, asynchronous, and does not require patient presence, so hybrid and fully remote arrangements are genuinely available.
  • Procedures require presence, which is the main constraint on full remote practice and which many people value as a reason to be in the building.
  • Call is light, and it is the parent field's general call rather than a subspecialty rota.
  • Geographic flexibility is excellent, and teleradiology extends it further than almost any other field in medicine.
  • The volume is real. High-throughput reading with RVU targets is the texture of the job, and it is the thing people cite when they leave.

Lifestyle rating: 5/5. Daytime, controllable, remote-capable, light call, and geographically free, with sustained reading volume as the only real deduction.


Wellbeing — the part to take seriously

No MSK-radiology-specific wellbeing data exists, and the published burnout surveys report broad specialties rather than radiology subspecialties, so none is coming. What you inherit is the parent radiology figure. The AMA's 2025 Organizational Biopsy puts radiology at 45.2% against a 41.9% all-physician average, fifth of the nine specialties it names as most burned out, and it is the row this profile leads with because Medscape's editions disagree with each other about the level. What the parent profile names as the strain is volume and RVU pressure, and on that the sources agree.4

The distinctive satisfaction is being consulted. MSK radiologists have unusually direct and frequent contact with referring clinicians, and the report genuinely changes management: a surgeon decides whether to operate based on what the MRI shows. That sense of being load-bearing rather than incidental is what practitioners describe as the appeal.

The distinctive strain is throughput. Reading a large volume of studies against a clock, day after day, is cognitively demanding in a specific way, and the parent field's burnout discussion is dominated by it. MSK's high study volume puts it squarely in that conversation.

Isolation is the other recurring theme in radiology generally, and MSK mitigates it better than most subspecialties through procedures, conferences, and the clinician relationships, though a fully remote practice can lose all three.

The remote question cuts both ways on wellbeing. Working from home offers flexibility and control that almost no other physician has, and it can also mean professional isolation and blurred boundaries. People who have done both tend to have strong views, and it is worth talking to some before assuming remote work is the obvious good.

Career longevity is excellent. No physical demands, no call burden of consequence, and a practice that can be scaled down or moved remote late in a career.


Who's in the field (demographics)

Apart from the fellowship's own gender breakdown, no published MSK-radiology-specific demographic data was located. Inherit radiology for the rest, directionally.

  • Women: 25.0% of MSK radiology fellows in AY2024-25, which is the one demographic figure the subspecialty does publish. Parent radiology runs 27% women practicing and 29.2% of residents, low relative to medicine overall.4
  • DO: parent radiology has historically been reachable at roughly 14% DO at PGY-2, with the window narrowing as the specialty becomes more competitive.4
  • IMG: roughly 11% at PGY-2, historically among the more accessible high-paying specialties.4
  • Underrepresented in medicine: no subspecialty figure available. ⟳

Culture, personality & the online stereotypes

Who gravitates here: radiology residents who liked anatomy and liked orthopedics without wanting to operate. The field draws visually oriented people who enjoy MRI as a puzzle and who want a strong referral relationship with clinicians. It has a notable sports-medicine adjacency that attracts people interested in athletic injury, and a distinct procedural contingent. As always, plenty of people in the field do not fit any single mold.

The stereotypes. Community perception rather than fact, each with a kernel and an unfair edge:

  • "Knee MRIs forever." The volume caricature. Internal derangement studies are genuinely the bread and butter, and the field also covers tumors, arthritis, and a real procedural practice.
  • "The radiologists orthopedic surgeons actually listen to." Broadly true and a source of quiet pride, since the MSK report frequently determines the operative plan.
  • "The best teleradiology subspecialty." Accurate. MSK reading travels better than almost anything else in medicine.
  • "A fellowship for a job you could already do." The standard criticism of unaccredited radiology fellowships, and the standard answer is that subspecialty reading is what the good jobs hire for.

What people say online (synthesized and paraphrased, not quotes): across physician and resident forums, MSK reads as one of the safest and most enjoyable fellowship choices. The dominant recurring theme is job market strength, with posters describing MSK as reliably employable in private practice, academics, and teleradiology alike. A second thread is remote work, discussed enthusiastically and with the caveat that procedures anchor you somewhere. A third is the volume, described as high and as the main downside. A fourth is the comparison with neuroradiology and body, generally resolved as a matter of taste rather than of prospects. A fifth, quieter, concerns artificial intelligence, discussed with less anxiety here than in breast imaging, since MSK MRI interpretation is a harder automation target than screening mammography. The tone is contented.

Voices from the field. Paraphrased from published sources, with links to the originals:

  • ACGME accredits six diagnostic radiology subspecialties and musculoskeletal radiology is one of them, though only 23 of the 75 MSK programs in the match hold that accreditation. No ABR subspecialty certificate exists for the field.2

Why people choose it / why people leave

Why choose it: MRI interpretation as a genuinely satisfying visual and anatomical puzzle · a report that directly determines whether a patient has an operation · a real procedural practice within a diagnostic subspecialty · the best remote-work potential in medicine · excellent geographic flexibility and a strong job market across every practice setting · full access to radiology's private-partnership income tier · direct and frequent clinician contact.

Why leave or avoid it: high-volume reading with RVU pressure, which is the parent field's main strain · a mostly unaccredited fellowship leading to no subspecialty certificate · potential professional isolation, particularly in remote practice · substantial overlap with what general radiologists already do · long-run uncertainty about automation, though less acute here than in screening subspecialties.

Best fit if: anatomy and MRI are what you enjoy · you want a subspecialty with procedures attached · you want remote or geographically flexible work · you want strong referral relationships without patient panels · you want the widest possible range of practice settings.

Not for you if: high-volume throughput would wear you down · you want patient contact, which breast imaging offers and this does not · you want a board certificate at the end · you would find reading isolating.


The FLI angle — Musculoskeletal radiology for first-gen, low-income & immigrant students

Where it fits FLI realities well:

  • This is among the strongest income-to-accessibility trades in the Sky. Radiology has historically been one of the more reachable high-paying specialties at roughly 14% DO and 11% IMG at PGY-2, the fellowship is attainable, and MSK has full access to radiology's private-partnership tier, which runs $700,000 to $1.2 million and above.4
  • Geographic freedom is the best in medicine. Teleradiology means MSK reading genuinely travels, so you can live where your family is rather than where the job is. Very little else in this project offers that.
  • The lifestyle is sustainable, with light call and strong schedule control.
  • No capital requirement to start, though partnership eventually involves a buy-in.
  • The job market is broad, spanning academics, private practice, imaging centers, and teleradiology, which matters if you lack a professional network to open doors.

Risks to name honestly:

  • The residency is tightening. Radiology has swung back to genuinely competitive for US MD applicants, and the parent profile explicitly warns the DO and IMG window is narrowing.4 Do not plan on historical figures.
  • PSLF fits poorly with the high-earning version. Private practice and teleradiology do not qualify; academic radiology does and pays less. In a specialty that pays this well, aggressive repayment is usually the better answer, but decide rather than default.
  • Partnership requires time and capital. The $700,000-plus figures belong to partners, and partnership typically means several employed years and a buy-in. Plan for the associate figure first.
  • Volume pressure is the job. RVU targets are real, and a practice that pays at the top of the range generally expects throughput at the top of the range.

Bottom line for FLI: a reachable route into one of the best-paid, most geographically free, most remote-capable careers in medicine, with a fellowship that is not a barrier and a job market that spans every setting. The catch is that the residency door is closing somewhat, so if radiology is the goal the work starts early. If you get in, this is one of the most favorable positions in the entire Sky for someone who needs both income and the freedom to live somewhere specific.


Fun facts

  • MRI created the subspecialty. Musculoskeletal radiology was radiographs of broken bones until soft-tissue contrast made tendons, cartilage, and labra directly visible.
  • The report often decides the operation. Orthopedic surgeons plan procedures from MSK MRI, which makes this one of the most consequential reading roles in radiology.
  • More fellowship seats than applicants. 218 positions were offered for the 2026 appointment year and 167 people applied, which is unusual for a subspecialty this well paid.3
  • It treats one tumor outright. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma is a definitive cure delivered by a radiologist.
  • The biopsy tract matters as much as the diagnosis, because a poorly planned approach in a suspected sarcoma can cost a limb.
  • It travels better than any other subspecialty. Teleradiology means MSK reading can be done from almost anywhere, which is rare in medicine.

Sources

Footnotes

  1. Clinical scope and fellowship content — MRI of internal derangement across all joints, arthritis and metabolic bone disease, bone and soft tissue tumor characterization and biopsy planning, trauma and post-operative imaging, musculoskeletal ultrasound, arthrography, image-guided injection and biopsy, and percutaneous ablation. Composite of published US musculoskeletal radiology fellowship curricula: University of Michigan Musculoskeletal Radiology Fellowship (https://medschool.umich.edu/departments/radiology/education/fellowships-training-programs/musculoskeletal-radiology), Cleveland Clinic Musculoskeletal Imaging Fellowship (https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/imaging/medical-professionals/fellowships/musculoskeletal-imaging-fellowship), and George Washington combined abdominal and musculoskeletal imaging fellowship (https://radiology.smhs.gwu.edu/fellowships/combined-abdominal-musculoskeletal-imaging-fellowship), accessed 2026. 2

  2. Accreditation and board status. ACGME accredits six diagnostic radiology subspecialties, with accredited program counts for AY2024-25: abdominal radiology 13, musculoskeletal radiology 23, neuroendovascular intervention 5, neuroradiology 93, nuclear radiology 19, pediatric radiology 48. ABR issues subspecialty certificates for neuroradiology, nuclear radiology, pediatric radiology and pain medicine only (interventional radiology is a PRIMARY certificate, IR/DR, rather than a subspecialty one). ACGME, Data Resource Book, Academic Year 2024-2025 (https://www.acgme.org/globalassets/pfassets/publicationsbooks/2024-2025_acgme_databook_document.pdf); ABR subspecialty certification (https://www.theabr.org/get-certified/subspecialties/). NRMP's fellowship match lists 75 musculoskeletal radiology programs, so accreditation covers a minority of them. NRMP, Results and Data: Specialties Matching Service, 2026 Appointment Year, Table 1A (https://www.nrmp.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/SMS_Results_and_Data_2026_Revised-20260522.pdf). Corrected 2026-08-17: this page previously said ACGME accredits only three diagnostic radiology fellowships and that MSK is non-accredited, in six places including the dashboard, sourced to a composite of academic department listings rather than to ACGME. The data book carries an MSK row at 23 programs. The same wrong count was live in the abdominal radiology and breast imaging profiles. ⟳ Corrected again 2026-08-17, same day: the first correction named interventional radiology as ABR's fourth subspecialty certificate. It is not one — IR/DR is a PRIMARY certificate — and the fourth subspecialty is pain medicine. ABR's own subspecialties page lists "neuroradiology, nuclear radiology, pain medicine, and pediatric radiology." ⟳ Corrected 2026-08-17, third pass: the Quick dashboard's Training chain row still read a flat "(non-ACGME)", two rows above the Board row saying the opposite, because the first sweep reached five of the six places and not the table. It now carries the same 23-of-75 split as the rest of the page. The caveat at 3 describing 2 as asserting blanket non-accreditation was stale for the same reason and has been reconciled. ⟳ 2 3 4 5 6

  3. Fellowship match results. NRMP, Results and Data: Specialties Matching Service, 2026 Appointment Year (February 2026). Table 1A, musculoskeletal radiology: 75 programs, 218 positions offered, 167 applicants, 158 matches, 72.5% filled, and 30 programs with at least one unfilled position. Same table, the other four radiology subspecialties in the match: neuroradiology 87 programs, 327 positions, 300 applicants, 284 matches, 86.9% filled; breast imaging 103, 221, 195, 181, 81.9%; interventional radiology 71, 146, 98, 94, 64.4%; emergency radiology 8, 16, 5, 4, 25.0%. Abdominal and cardiothoracic radiology do not appear in the report, because they do not run through the match. Table 6A gives the five-year fill trend for musculoskeletal radiology: 72.5% in 2026, 72.9% in 2025, 71.6% in 2024, 79.2% in 2023, 71.6% in 2022. https://www.nrmp.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/SMS_Results_and_Data_Report2026.pdf. NRMP flags musculoskeletal radiology as a specialty in which some programs are not ACGME-accredited, which agrees with 2: 23 of the 75 programs in this table hold accreditation and the rest do not. Correction 2026-08-13: this profile previously said "no published match statistics for radiology subspecialty fellowships were located," and repeated the claim in the Quick dashboard and in a figure caption. The statistics are published annually, and are cited above. 2 3 4 5 6

  4. Parent-field figures for diagnostic radiology. Typical comp ~$550k–$575k, with associates ~$350k–$525k, median ~$544k–$590k, and partners $700k–$1.2M+; 5 years of training (1 intern + 4 DR) and ~13 years from the start of college, with fellowship near-universal; competitiveness high and rising, having swung back to genuinely competitive for US MDs; real volume and RVU pressure; burnout 45.2% against a 41.9% all-physician average on the AMA's 2025 survey (https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/physician-health/these-9-physician-specialties-report-highest-burnout-rates), fifth of the nine specialties it names, preferred here because Medscape's radiology editions disagree with each other. On Medscape's own separate scale those editions read ~36% in 2022 and ~51% in 2024 against a 49% baseline; 27% women practicing and 29.2% of residents; ~14% DO and ~11% IMG at PGY-2, historically reachable but narrowing; strong schedule control and the best remote options in medicine. Compensation, training length, competitiveness and schedule control: see the diagnostic radiology profile on this site. Women in practice, 27%: AAMC, "Women are changing the face of medicine in America" (2022 data), https://www.aamc.org/news/women-are-changing-face-medicine-america. Women in training: ACGME, Data Resource Book, Academic Year 2024-2025, Table C.21, https://www.acgme.org/globalassets/pfassets/publicationsbooks/2024-2025_acgme_databook_document.pdf, which puts diagnostic radiology residents at 29.2% women and musculoskeletal radiology fellows at 25.0%, both for academic year 2024-25. Correction 2026-08-13: this page previously said no published MSK-specific figure existed and carried the parent residents at ~27–28%, in the Quick dashboard and in Who's in the field. The fellowship figure exists in the table above, and the resident figure was low by a point or two. DO and IMG shares: NRMP, Results and Data: 2026 Main Residency Match, May 2026, Table 2, https://www.nrmp.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Main_Match_Results_and_Data-2026.pdf, which reports 15.0% DO and 11.4% IMG of diagnostic radiology's filled PGY-2 positions, against the ~14% and ~11% here. Burnout is deliberately absent from this list. Correction 2026-08-13: this profile previously inherited "roughly 36% burnout, mid-pack" from the parent, in the Quick dashboard and in Wellbeing. The parent profile carries ~36% from 2022 data, while the Medscape Physician Burnout & Depression Report 2024 (n=9,226, fielded July–October 2023) puts radiology at 51%, in the upper third of its table, against an all-physician average of 49%. That report is paywalled and returns HTTP 402, so both figures reach this site through secondary reporting and neither can be checked at source; the relays for the 2024 edition are Healthgrades Pro (https://resources.healthgrades.com/pro/the-most-and-least-burned-out-physicians-by-specialty) and Advisory Board (https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2024/01/31/physician-burnout). No number is quoted on the page until one can be checked at source.A second, freely readable instrument: the AMA's 2025 Organizational Biopsy (~19,000 physicians, 38 states) puts Radiology at 45.2% against a 41.9% all-physician average, https://www.ama-assn.org/practice-management/physician-health/these-9-physician-specialties-report-highest-burnout-rates. It is primary where Medscape reaches this page through relays, and its baseline sits seven points below Medscape's 49% — the two never belong in the same sentence, and a cross-specialty rank must name which survey it comes from. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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