Uranographia Medica — the whole sky of medicine

Every specialty and subspecialty on this site, 151 in all, with what each one is in a sentence.

Family Medicine — Family Medicine is the specialty of the whole person over the whole lifespan, the one doctor a newborn, a pregnant mother, a working adult, and a dying grandparent can all call their physician.
Internal Medicine — Internal Medicine is the biggest doorway in adult medicine, a single three-year residency that opens onto three very different careers.
Cardiology (Cardiovascular Disease) — Cardiology is the physiology-lover's subspecialty: elegant, quantitative heart-and-vessel medicine that pairs deep cognitive work with real procedures, and one of the highest-paid, most in-demand fields in all of medicine.
Gastroenterology — Gastroenterology is internal medicine with a scope in its hand, the subspecialty that pairs deep physiologic reasoning (liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, GI cancer, motility) with a full slate of hands-on procedures (colonoscopy, upper endoscopy, and advanced therapeutics).
Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine — Pulmonary & Critical Care is one board certification stitched over two opposite jobs: the controllable outpatient lung doctor and the intensivist who runs the ICU.
Hematology & Oncology — Hematology & Oncology is the specialty of cancer and blood, the field where medicine's fastest-moving science meets some of its hardest conversations.
Nephrology — Nephrology is internal medicine's "physiology specialty," the field organized around the kidney's job of keeping the body's water, salts, and pH in balance, and around what to do when that balance fails.
Infectious Disease — Infectious Disease is the intellectual-detective and social-medicine corner of internal medicine, the specialty other doctors call when a fever has no source, an infection won't clear, an organism is bizarre, or an antibiotic regimen is a puzzle.
Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism — Endocrinology is the cerebral, hormone-logic corner of internal medicine, the field organized around the body's chemical control systems: diabetes and metabolism, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, reproductive hormones, and bone.
Rheumatology — Rheumatology is internal medicine's diagnostic-detective corner, the specialty for complex, multisystem autoimmune puzzles that no single test can crack.
Allergy & Immunology — Allergy & Immunology is the specialty people name when they want proof that a low-burnout, well-paid, essentially call-free career in medicine actually exists.
Geriatric Medicine — Geriatric medicine is the specialty of the whole older person, the field organized around aging itself rather than any single organ.
Sports Medicine (Non-Operative) — Non-operative sports medicine is the doctor who keeps people moving, the musculoskeletal (MSK) specialist who diagnoses and manages injuries in clinic, does joint and soft-tissue injections and diagnostic ultrasound, and covers the sidelines, without ever operating.
Addiction Medicine — Addiction medicine is the specialty built around one of the oldest problems in medicine and one of its most urgent crises: treating substance use disorders as the chronic, relapsing, treatable diseases they are.
Interventional Cardiology — Interventional cardiology is the catheter-based, procedure-heavy arm of cardiology, the physicians who thread wires into coronary arteries, prop open blockages with stents, and get called in at 3 a.m. to reopen the artery of someone actively having a heart attack.
Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology (EP) — Cardiac electrophysiology is the "electrical" corner of cardiology, the doctors who diagnose and fix heart-rhythm disorders.
Advanced Heart Failure & Transplant Cardiology — Advanced Heart Failure & Transplant Cardiology is the corner of cardiology that takes care of the sickest hearts in the building, and, by reputation and by the numbers, the one you choose for the work rather than the paycheck.
Adult Congenital Heart Disease — Adult congenital heart disease is a specialty that exists because pediatric cardiology succeeded too well.
Cardiovascular Imaging — Cardiovascular imaging is the cardiologist who reads the heart instead of operating on it, the one who interprets echocardiograms, nuclear perfusion scans, cardiac CT angiograms, and cardiac MRIs from a workstation, and runs a clinic, but never scrubs into the cath lab.
Critical Care Cardiology — Critical care cardiology is what happens when the coronary care unit grew up.
Transplant Hepatology — Transplant hepatology is the specialty that decides who gets a liver, and it cannot fill its own training positions.
Advanced / Therapeutic Endoscopy — Advanced endoscopy is the corner of gastroenterology that trades the routine scope for a set of power tools, the sub-subspecialty built around the hardest, highest-stakes things you can do to the gut without ever making an incision.
Interventional Pulmonology — Interventional pulmonology is the procedural tip of pulmonary medicine, the corner of the field built around the scope and the pleural tray rather than the ventilator or the clinic.
Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy — Bone Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy is the corner of oncology where you don't just treat the blood cancer: you replace or re-engineer the patient's entire immune system to cure it.
Sleep Medicine — Sleep medicine is one of the most controllable, lifestyle-friendly corners of medicine, an outpatient, daytime, near-zero-call niche you reach through a single extra year of training after almost any of several base residencies.
Hospice & Palliative Medicine — Hospice and Palliative Medicine is the specialty of serious illness, the one organized around relieving suffering and helping people live as well as possible, for as long as possible, whatever their diagnosis.
Preventive Medicine — Preventive Medicine is the specialty where the patient is a group: a community, a workforce, an airline's pilots, instead of one body on an exam table.
Medical Genetics & Genomics — Medical genetics is the specialty of the genome, the doctors who diagnose and manage inherited and genetic disease, interpret genomic testing, and care for families rather than just individuals.
Pediatrics — Pediatrics is the specialty of the whole child, organized around an age rather than an organ or a disease.
Neonatology (Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine) — Neonatology is intensive care for the very start of life, the work of the physicians who keep the sickest newborns alive in the neonatal ICU (NICU).
Pediatric Cardiology — Pediatric cardiology is the study and care of the child's heart, above all the congenital heart and the malformations a baby is born with, and it produces physiology found nowhere else in medicine.
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (PICU) — Pediatric critical care medicine is the top of pediatrics' acuity ladder, the specialty organized around the sickest children in the hospital, whatever is wrong with them.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine — Pediatric Emergency Medicine is the children's front door of the hospital, the specialty organized around any child, anything, anytime, from a newborn to an adolescent.
Pediatric Hematology-Oncology — Pediatric hematology-oncology is the field that cares for children with cancer and with blood disorders, and, by wide agreement, one of the most emotionally demanding and most meaningful things you can do with a medical career.
Pediatric Gastroenterology — Pediatric gastroenterology is the field for physicians who want both the hands-on satisfaction of scoping and the long, layered puzzle of complex chronic disease in kids.
Pediatric Endocrinology — Pediatric endocrinology is the specialty of hormones, growth, and metabolism in children, the doctors who manage a kid's type 1 diabetes for a decade, figure out why a 12-year-old isn't growing, work up early or late puberty, and steer thyroid, adrenal, and metabolic-bone disease.
Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics — Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics is the field where the long conversation is the procedure.
Pediatric Nephrology — Pediatric nephrology is the field for physicians who found renal physiology fun, meaning the acid-base, electrolyte, and fluid puzzles most classmates dreaded, and who want to be a chronically ill child's doctor for a decade or more.
Pediatric Pulmonology — Pediatric pulmonology is the care of children's lungs and breathing, from the extremely common (asthma) to the lifelong and complex (cystic fibrosis, chronic lung disease of prematurity, kids who live on tracheostomies and home ventilators).
Pediatric Infectious Disease — Pediatric infectious disease is the "medical detective" corner of the children's hospital, the consultants everyone else pages when a fever won't break, an organism makes no sense, or an infection won't respond to treatment.
Pediatric Rheumatology — Pediatric rheumatology is the cerebral, longitudinal, mission-heavy corner of pediatrics, the field for the diagnostic-puzzle lover who wants to follow the same complex kids for years and, thanks to modern biologics, actually watch them get better.
Pediatric Allergy & Immunology — Pediatric Allergy & Immunology is the rare peds-adjacent path where both the lifestyle and the pay are genuinely good, the door out of the pediatric pay ceiling without leaving the kids or the humane hours behind.
Adolescent Medicine — Adolescent Medicine is the field for physicians who want to be the one trusted, confidential adult in a teenager's hardest years, and who care more about that relationship than about a paycheck.
Child Abuse Pediatrics — Child abuse pediatrics is the field for physicians who want to be the person who sees what others miss, who can look at a fracture, a bruising pattern, or a head bleed and rigorously answer the hardest question in medicine: was this an accident, a disease, or was this done to a child?
Pediatric Hospital Medicine — Pediatric hospital medicine is general pediatrics for the child who's sick enough to be admitted, practiced on a shift schedule instead of a clinic panel.
Emergency Medical Services — Emergency medical services is the specialty where most of your patients are treated by someone else, following instructions you wrote.
Emergency Medicine — Emergency Medicine is the front door of the hospital, the one specialty organized around anyone, anything, anytime instead of a single organ, age, or disease.
Medical Toxicology — Medical toxicology is the pharmacology-and-poisoning detective niche of medicine, the person the whole hospital calls when a patient is altered, crashing, or mysteriously sick and the answer might be a drug, an overdose, a chemical, a snakebite, or an occupational exposure.
Psychiatry — Psychiatry is the medical specialty of the mind, the one field organized around thought, mood, behavior, and human narrative instead of a heart, a joint, or a scan.
Child & Adolescent Psychiatry — Child and adolescent psychiatry is the field for physicians who want to intervene at the one moment when treatment can bend a whole life trajectory, before mood, anxiety, ADHD, trauma, autism, or emerging psychosis harden into an adult diagnosis.
Geriatric Psychiatry — Geriatric psychiatry is the mental-health specialty of older adults, the field organized around the aging brain and the whole person around it, rather than any single disease.
Addiction Psychiatry — Addiction psychiatry is the psychiatry-native path into one of medicine's most urgent crises: treating substance use disorders as the chronic, treatable diseases they are, with a specific mastery of the mental illness tangled up with them.
Forensic Psychiatry — Forensic psychiatry is psychiatry pointed at the law instead of at a cure, the field for physicians who'd rather answer a hard question honestly than form a years-long therapeutic bond.
Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry — Consultation-liaison psychiatry is the field for physicians who love both medicine and psychiatry and refuse to give up either.
Neurology — Neurology is the detective specialty of medicine, the field organized around localization: using the history and a meticulous physical exam to work out where in the nervous system something has gone wrong before a scanner ever confirms it.
Vascular Neurology (Stroke) — Vascular neurology is the one corner of neurology built around a stopwatch.
Epilepsy — Epilepsy is the EEG subspecialty of neurology, the field organized around seizures and the brain's electrical signature: reading brain waves, capturing seizures on video in a monitoring unit, and figuring out, for the one-in-three patients whose seizures won't quit on medication, exactly where in the brain the storm starts and whether surgery or a device can stop it.
Clinical Neurophysiology — Clinical Neurophysiology is the diagnostic-testing subspecialty of neurology, the neurologists who read the electrical tracings that tell you how the nervous system is misfiring.
Neuromuscular Medicine — Neuromuscular medicine is the part of neurology that lives below the brainstem, the specialty of weakness, numbness, and wasting, where the question is always "is the lesion in the anterior horn cell, the nerve, the junction, or the muscle?"
Neuroimmunology & Multiple Sclerosis — A multiple sclerosis specialist can generate more than eight million dollars a year for their institution and be paid less than a general neurologist.
Movement Disorders — Movement disorders is the corner of neurology you diagnose with your eyes.
Neurocritical Care — Neurocritical Care is where a neurologist becomes a full intensivist, running the neuro-ICU for the sickest brains in the hospital.
Neuro-oncology — Neuro-oncology is the field that sits at the intersection of the brain and cancer, the subspecialty that takes ownership of tumors of the nervous system and the neurologic wreckage cancer leaves behind.
Headache Medicine — Headache medicine is neurology's most-outpatient, lowest-call corner, and, since about 2018, one of its fastest-moving.
Behavioral Neurology & Neuropsychiatry — Behavioral neurology is the field that treats the brain as the organ of the mind, and it is one of the few subspecialties you can enter from either a neurology residency or a psychiatry one and arrive at the same certificate, and the only one whose whole subject matter sits on the seam between them.
Neurointerventional Surgery (Endovascular Neurology) — Neurointerventional surgery is the one place in neurology where you fix the problem with your hands, from inside the artery.
Child Neurology (Pediatric Neurology) — Child neurology is the specialty of the developing nervous system, the doctors who work up the child's first seizure, follow a family through years of epilepsy or muscular dystrophy, and, increasingly, hand parents a gene therapy for a disease that used to be a death sentence.
Neurodevelopmental Disabilities — Neurodevelopmental disabilities is entered straight from medical school as a six-year residency rather than as a fellowship, and it is one of the smallest training programs in American medicine.
Obstetrics & Gynecology (OB/GYN) — OB/GYN is the specialty that lives on two sides of one identity at once, surgeon and continuity doctor.
Maternal-Fetal Medicine — Maternal-Fetal Medicine is the high-risk-pregnancy subspecialty of OB/GYN, the physician you call when a pregnancy stops being routine.
Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility (REI) — REI is the fertility subspecialty of OB/GYN, the field organized around helping people build families, mostly through IVF and reproductive hormones.
Gynecologic Oncology — Gynecologic oncology is the rare corner of medicine where one doctor is the surgeon and the oncologist and the doctor who carries the patient to the end.
Urogynecology / Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) — Urogynecology is the surgical subspecialty of the pelvic floor and, for a lot of OB/GYNs, the way to keep the operating room while walking away from delivering babies at 3 a.m.
Complex Family Planning — Complex Family Planning is the OB/GYN subspecialty built entirely around contraception and abortion care, including for the patients those services are hardest and highest-stakes for.
General Surgery — General surgery is the broad, foundational surgical discipline, the field organized around fixing problems with your hands, definitively, often the same day.
Hernia & Abdominal Wall Surgery — Hernia repair is among the most commonly performed operations in America, and this subspecialty exists because it is frequently done badly.
Surgical Oncology (Complex General Surgical Oncology) — Surgical oncology is the field of the biggest, hardest cancer operations, and of the tumor board that decides whether an operation is even the right move.
Colorectal Surgery — Colorectal surgery is what a general surgeon does with one extra year and a decision to own the pelvis.
Vascular Surgery — Vascular surgery is the specialty of the body's blood vessels, the one field where the same surgeon opens a chest or belly to sew a graft by hand and threads catheters and stents through a groin puncture under live X-ray.
Pediatric Surgery — Pediatric surgery is broad-scope general surgery for children, from premature newborns to teenagers, and it is one of the last truly generalist surgical fields left.
Trauma Surgery & Surgical Critical Care (Acute Care Surgery) — Acute Care Surgery is what "trauma surgery" has become in modern US practice: a three-in-one field that braids together trauma, emergency general surgery (EGS), and surgical critical care (the surgical ICU).
Abdominal Transplant Surgery — Abdominal transplant surgery is the field that takes a dying patient and gives them years or decades of life with a new organ, and asks in return a lifestyle that is among the most demanding in all of medicine.
Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery (HPB) — HPB surgery is where general surgery keeps its biggest operations: the liver, the pancreas, and the bile ducts, organs that bleed catastrophically, heal badly, and sit wrapped around the vessels that feed the entire abdomen.
Breast Surgery (Breast Surgical Oncology) — Breast surgery is the rare corner of surgery where "surgeon" and "controllable life" genuinely belong in the same sentence.
Cardiothoracic Surgery — Cardiothoracic surgery is the field that operates on the organs you cannot live without, the heart, the aorta, and the lungs, often while a machine takes over the patient's circulation.
Orthopedic Surgery — Orthopedic surgery is the specialty of the musculoskeletal system, the mechanics of the body.
Orthopedic Sports Medicine — Orthopedic sports medicine is the surgeon who fixes the athlete's torn parts, the arthroscope-and-scalpel subspecialty of orthopedics built around ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and joints.
Adult Reconstruction / Joint Replacement — Adult reconstruction is the corner of orthopedics built around one of the most reliably successful operations in all of medicine: replacing a worn-out joint.
Foot & Ankle Surgery — Foot and ankle surgery owns the part of the skeleton that has to be both a rigid lever and a shock absorber several thousand times a day, and it is the orthopedic subspecialty where a US-trained applicant essentially cannot fail to match.
Shoulder & Elbow Surgery — Shoulder and elbow is the newest recognized subspecialty in orthopedic surgery, and it exists mainly because one operation changed what was possible.
Orthopedic Trauma — Orthopedic trauma is the subspecialty that takes the fractures nobody else wants, and it is the one part of orthopedics organized around the emergency department rather than the clinic.
Pediatric Orthopedics — Pediatric orthopedics exists because a growing skeleton is a different organ from an adult one, and the difference cuts both ways.
Orthopedic Oncology — Orthopedic oncology is the smallest subspecialty in orthopedic surgery and the one that decides whether a limb stays on.
Spine Surgery — Spine surgery is the one operative field two entirely different residencies feed into, orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery, and the single subspecialty most premeds don't realize is shared.
Hand Surgery — Hand surgery is the one field where three different surgical residencies all end up in the same operating room.
Endocrine Surgery — Endocrine surgery is the elegant, low-emergency corner of the operating world, a largely elective and outpatient-heavy practice built around three glands: the thyroid, the parathyroid, and the adrenal (plus neuroendocrine tumors).
Minimally Invasive & Bariatric Surgery — Minimally invasive & bariatric surgery is the elective, scheduled, tech-forward wing of general surgery.
Congenital Cardiac Surgery — Congenital cardiac surgery is the field that operates on hearts the size of a walnut, the malformed hearts some children are born with, in newborns who weigh a few pounds.
Neurological Surgery — Neurosurgery is the surgical care of the nervous system, and it sits at the extreme end of almost every axis medicine has.
Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery (ENT) — Otolaryngology is the surgery of the head and neck, from ears to airway to sinuses to skull base to the neck itself, and it's the field premeds reach for when they want to operate but also want a life.
Head & Neck Surgical Oncology — Head & neck surgical oncology is the marathon end of ENT, the corner of the field that removes cancers of the mouth, throat, voice box, thyroid, and salivary glands, and then rebuilds what it took out.
Laryngology — Laryngology is the corner of ENT that owns the larynx, an organ roughly the size of a walnut that has to do three incompatible jobs: let air in, keep food out, and produce a human voice.
Otology & Neurotology — Otology and neurotology is one of the smallest surgical subspecialties in American medicine, with 372 board-certified physicians for the entire country, or about 1.1 per million people.
Rhinology & Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery — Rhinology owns the most commonly performed subspecialty operation in otolaryngology and has no board certificate to go with it.
Pediatric Otolaryngology — Pediatric otolaryngology is the field that manages the ear, nose, throat, and airway of children, and the reason it exists as a separate subspecialty is the airway of the very small.
Urology — Urology is medicine's quietest power move: a surgical specialty with top-of-the-scale pay, a genuinely humane schedule for a field that operates, and demand that keeps climbing as the population ages, which is why insiders call it the best-kept secret in medicine.
Urologic Oncology — Urologic oncology is the surgical-cancer apex of urology, the subspecialist other urologists send their hardest genitourinary cancer cases to.
Pediatric Urology — Pediatric urology was the first urology subspecialty to earn its own board certificate, and it earned that status by being the one whose patients are structurally different rather than merely smaller.
Endourology — Endourology is the subspecialty defined by an approach rather than an organ: everything in the urinary tract that can be reached with a scope, a wire, or a robot instead of an open incision.
Male Reproductive Medicine & Surgery — Male reproductive medicine is the half of infertility care that nobody built a specialty around until recently, which is odd given that a male factor contributes in roughly half of infertile couples.
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery — Plastic surgery is the only major specialty defined by how it operates rather than where: the craft of moving tissue (flaps, grafts, microsurgery) to rebuild form and function anywhere on the body.
Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery — Facial plastic surgery is the field where the same surgeon can build a nose in the morning and rebuild a face in the afternoon.
Anesthesiology — Anesthesiology is the specialty of keeping people alive, unconscious, and physiologically stable while someone else operates on them, and of being the calmest person in the room when that stability suddenly fails.
Pediatric Anesthesiology — Pediatric anesthesiology is the parent field re-tooled for the smallest, least forgiving patients in the building: neonates, infants, and children, including complex congenital-heart and syndromic kids.
Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology — Cardiothoracic anesthesiology is the anesthesiology subspecialty that manages a patient through the deliberate stopping of their heart, and its defining skill is not a drug but an imaging modality.
Obstetric Anesthesiology — Obstetric anesthesiology is the anesthesiology subspecialty built around a physiology that exists nowhere else in medicine, and around the fact that in the United States it is getting more dangerous rather than less.
Regional Anesthesiology & Acute Pain Medicine — Regional anesthesiology is the subspecialty of numbing a specific part of the body rather than the whole person, and ultrasound is what turned it from a craft into a discipline.
Critical Care Anesthesiology — Critical care anesthesiology is one of five routes into the same intensive care unit, and the reason it exists is that anesthesiologists arrive already fluent in the things critical illness demands.
Pain Medicine — Pain Medicine is the field organized around a symptom instead of an organ, the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain, mostly in an outpatient clinic, increasingly with your hands.
Diagnostic Radiology — Diagnostic radiology is the specialty of seeing inside, the physician who reads the X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, and nuclear-medicine study and tells the rest of the hospital what's actually there.
Neuroradiology — Neuroradiology is diagnostic radiology's brain, spine, and head-and-neck specialist, the reading-room physician who turns a CT, an MRI, or a cerebral angiogram into the diagnosis that tells neurology and neurosurgery what to do next.
Pediatric Radiology — Pediatric radiology is the radiology subspecialty organized around a patient who is still being built, and its central discipline is deciding not to image.
Breast Imaging — Breast imaging is the only radiology subspecialty that runs a population screening program, and it is the only one where the radiologist routinely tells the patient the result themselves.
Musculoskeletal Radiology — Musculoskeletal radiology is the subspecialty that reads the body's mechanical failures, and it is the one where the imaging most often settles the argument.
Abdominal Radiology — Abdominal radiology is the largest-volume subspecialty in the largest-volume specialty in medicine, which makes it the workhorse of the entire imaging enterprise.
Interventional Radiology — Interventional radiology is image-guided, minimally-invasive surgery, fixing things inside the body through a needle, wire, or catheter instead of an open incision, using live imaging (fluoroscopy, ultrasound, CT) as the eyes.
Pathology (Anatomic & Clinical) — Pathology is the diagnostic engine of medicine, the specialty organized around the answer rather than around a single organ, age, or bedside.
Forensic Pathology — Forensic pathology is the one corner of pathology whose patient is already dead, and whose real audience is the family, the public-health system, and a courtroom.
Dermatopathology — Dermatopathology is the diagnosis of skin disease from tissue, and it holds a structural oddity found almost nowhere else in medicine: one fellowship, one certificate, jointly issued by two different member boards, reachable from two residencies that could hardly be less alike.
Neuropathology — Neuropathology is the diagnosis of disease in the nervous system from tissue, and it is the pathology subspecialty that has been most thoroughly rebuilt by molecular biology in the last decade.
Hematopathology — Hematopathology is the diagnosis of blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid cancers, and it is the pathology subspecialty where a single report most directly writes a treatment plan.
Transfusion Medicine & Blood Banking — Transfusion medicine is the pathology subspecialty that has patients.
Cytopathology — Cytopathology is diagnosis from cells rather than from tissue, and it is the pathology subspecialty that most often puts the pathologist in the room with a live patient.
Pediatric Pathology — Pediatric pathology is the diagnosis of disease in children, and it starts earlier than people expect: a large share of the work is the placenta, which is the only organ in medicine routinely examined after it has finished its job.
Nuclear Medicine — Nuclear medicine is the specialty that sees, and increasingly treats, the body by its function rather than only its shape.
Radiation Oncology — Radiation oncology is the specialty that treats cancer with precisely targeted radiation, a field built at the intersection of oncology, medical physics, and imaging technology.
Pediatric Dermatology — Dermatology is among the hardest residencies in American medicine to match into, and its pediatric subspecialty left 41% of its fellowship positions unfilled.
Clinical Informatics — Clinical informatics is the rare subspecialty where most of the people who hold the certificate got in through a door that has now been locked behind them.
Dermatology — Dermatology is the specialty of the skin, hair, and nails, a field where you diagnose largely by looking, treat a huge range of disease from acne to melanoma, and do most of your procedures awake, in-office, under local anesthesia.
Micrographic Surgery & Dermatologic Oncology (Mohs Surgery) — Mohs surgery is dermatology's cancer surgery, the one corner of the field where you are the surgeon, the pathologist, and the reconstructive artist in a single afternoon.
Ophthalmology — Ophthalmology is the microsurgery of sight, a full surgical specialty built around a single organ, and the rare one that pairs an operating microscope with a mostly outpatient, largely 9-to-5 life.
Vitreoretinal Surgery (Retina) — Vitreoretinal surgery is the deep end of the eye, the highest-earning, most surgically demanding, and most call-heavy corner of ophthalmology.
Cornea & External Disease — Cornea is the subspecialty of the eye's front window, and it is the one where transplantation is routine, outpatient, and usually successful.
Glaucoma — Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy that takes peripheral vision so gradually that most patients cannot tell it is happening, which makes this the ophthalmology subspecialty defined by managing a silent disease over decades.
Oculoplastic Surgery — Oculoplastic surgery is the part of ophthalmology that operates on everything around the eye rather than on the eye itself, and it is the only ophthalmology subspecialty with a genuine cosmetic practice attached.
Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus — Pediatric ophthalmology is the subspecialty that treats a developing visual system, where the window for intervention closes and does not reopen.
Neuro-Ophthalmology — Neuro-ophthalmology sits between two specialties and belongs fully to neither, diagnosing the visual system's problems when the eye itself is normal.
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation — Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation is the specialty of function, of getting people moving, independent, and back to their lives after the injury, stroke, spinal-cord damage, amputation, or chronic pain that took those things away.
Brain Injury Medicine — Brain injury medicine is what happens after neurosurgery and neurocritical care have finished, and it is the specialty that decides how much of a person comes back.
Spinal Cord Injury Medicine — Spinal cord injury medicine is the specialty of everything a spinal cord does that people never think about until it stops.
Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine — Pediatric rehabilitation medicine is the only PM&R subspecialty that asks for two years of fellowship, and the one survey of its own pay puts it below the general practice of the parent specialty.